Sustainable and Optimized Utilization of Water Resources: Inflatable Dams Potential in Pakistan

Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources

Authors

  • Muhammad Usman Rashid Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Pakistan University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Abid Latif Civil Engineering Department, University College of Engineering & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
  • Usman Ghani Civil Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan

Keywords:

Water resources, Pakistan, inflatable dams, reservoirs operation, sedimentation, Tarbela, Diamer Basha

Abstract

Development of new reservoirs are utmost important for their utilization of providing water for irrigation, hydropower and flood damages reduction etc. In-addition to constructing new reservoirs, the efficient and sustainable use of existing reservoirs is also important for rapid economic growth of world. Pakistan is blessed with rich surface water resources of 180 Billion m3 annualy. However, total storage capacity of the three large dams is 17 Billion m3 which is only 10% of the available water resources. The
current study identifies the latest trends for optimizing the utilization of water from reservoir to agriculture farm and their possible application to Pakistan. The paper also investigates the potential of inflatable dams in Pakistan for recharging of groundwater, as diversion weir for small hydropower plants, water supply and creating artificial lakes for recreation purposes. On the basis of criteria developed in the study, 31 sites were selected for checking their feasibility. SRTM 90m digital elevation database and Google Mapper were used to develop digital elevation models and contours for studying different technical parameters. Total 27 sites were found feasible and indicated the potential for Inflatable Dams in Pakistan on the basis of preliminary results. For sustainable and optimized utilization of water resources, it is utmost important to implement
the following measures identified for supplying water from reservoir to crop root zone are: remodeling/ modernization of barrages and canals including lining of distributaries and minors. Adoption of resource conservation technologies, and optimized cropping systems by including high value and high yield crops are recommended in the study for achieving the desired objectives. 

References

White, W.R. A Review of Current Knowledge World Water: Resources, Usage and the Role of ManMade Reservoirs. FR/R0012, Foundation for Water Research Allen House, Marlow, Buckinghamshire, UK (2010).

World Commission on Dams and Development. A New Framework for Decision-making. Earthscan Publications Ltd., London (2000).

Khan, N.M., M.S. Babel, R.S. Clemente, T. Tingsanchali, & H.T. Loung. Reservoir optimization-simulation with a sediment evacuation

model to minimize irrigation deficits. Journal of Water Resources Management 26: 3173-3193 (2012).

Khan, N.M. Reservoir Optimization-Simulation with Sediment Evacuation Model: A Case Study of Tarbela Dam, Pakistan. Ph.D. thesis, School of Engineering and Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand (2008)

Michalewicz, Z. Genetic Algorithms, Data Structures and Evolutionary Programs, 3rd ed.Springer, Berlin (1996).

Chang, F.J., L. Chen & L.C. Chang. Optimizing the reservoir operating rule curve by genetic algorithm. Journal of Hydrological Processes 19: 2227-2289(2005).

Wardlaw, R., M. Sharif. Evaluation of genetic algorithm for optimal Reservoir system operation. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 125: 25–33 (1999).

Haq, I.U., & A.R. Khan. Water and Sustainable Development. Proceedings of Conference on World Water Day, 22 March 2015, Lahore. Pakistan Engineering Congress, Lahore, Pakistan (2015).

Chen, L. & F.J. Chang. Applying a real-coded multi population genetic algorithm to multi Reservoir operation Journal of Hydrological Processes 21: 688-698 (2007).

Suiadee, W. & T. Tingsanchali. A combined simulation–genetic algorithm optimization model for optimal rule curves of a Reservoir: a case study of the Nam Oon Irrigation Project, Thailand. Journal of Hydrological Processes 21: 3211-3225(2007).

Chang, F.J., J.S.Lai & L.S. Kao. Optimization of operation rule curves and flushing schedule in a Reservoir. Journal of Hydrological Processes 17: 1623-1640 (2003).

Khan, N.M. & T. Tingsanchali. Optimization and simulation of Reservoir operation with sediment evacuation: a case study of the Tarbela Dam, Pakistan. Journal of Hydrological Processes 23: 730-747 (2009).

Rashid, M.U., A.S. Shakir, N.M. Khan, A. Latif & M.M. Qureshi. Optimization of Multiple Reservoirs Operation with Consideration to Sediment Evacuation Journal of water resources Management 29(7): 2429–2450 (2015).

Mason, D. The Inflatable Rubber Dam in Water Resource Management. Sumitomo Electric Europe Ltd., London, UK (1999).

International Commission on Large Dams Small Dams. Design, Surveillance and Rehabilitation of Dams; Volume 2. ICOLD Committee on Rubber Dams (2011)

Schweiger, P.G. & W.B. Bingham. Reliability and Performance of Inflatable Dams. Proceedings ASDSO Annual Conference, Minneapolis, USA (2003).

Jena, J. Rubber Dam and its prospect. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Structural and Civil Engineering. SOA University, Bhubaneswar, India, p. 60-63 (2012).

Chanson, H. Hydraulics of rubber dam flow: A simple design approach. In: Proceedings 13th Australian Fluid Mechanics Conference. Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, p. 255-258 (1998).

Zhang, Q. & Y. Diao. Cascade Rubber Dam fall discharge calculation and analysis. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 38(8): 957-971 (2011).

Zhang, X.Q., P. Tam. & W. Zhang. Construction, operation and maintenance of Rubber Dam. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 29: 409-420 (2002).

Hassan, S. & I. Kabir. Feasibility of Natore Rubber Dam on Mahanonda river in Bangladesh and its performance on irrigation. American Journal of Engineering Research 3(1): 27-34 (2014).

Tam, P. Use of Rubber Dam for flood mitigation in Hong Kong. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 123(2): 73-78 (1997).

Chanson, H. A review of the overflow of inflatable flexible Membrane dam. Australian Civil/Structural Engineering Transactions 39(2): 107-116 (1997).

Yadav, V., Mehta, D., & Waikhom, S. Suitability of Rubber Dam as a river water management tool. In: Proceedings National Conference on Recent Research in Engineering and Technology. Dr. Jivraj Mehta Institute of Technology, Mogar-Anand, Gujrat India, p. 16-22 (2015).

Sarker, K.K., X.Y.Wang., N. Islam., C.L. Xu., & X.D. Qiao. Performance Evaluation of the Rubber Dam project for irrigation development. Scientific research and Essay 6(22): 4700-4707 (2011).

Tam, P.M. & X.Q. Zhang. Management of Rubber Dam in Hong Kong. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 26(1): 123-134 (1999).

Nikolakopoulos, K. G., E. Kamaratakis & N. Chrysoulakis. SRTM vs ASTER elevation products: Comparison for two regions in Crete, Greece. International Journal of Remote Sensing 27(21): 4819-4838 (2006).

Hirt, C., M.S. Filmer & W.E. Featherstone. Comparison and validation of recent freelyavailable ASTER-GDEM ver1, SRTM ver4.1

and GEODATA DEM-9S ver3 digital elevation models over Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 57(3): 337–347 (2010).

FAO. How Design, Management and Policy Affect the Performance of Irrigation Projects: Emerging Modernization Procedures and Design Standards. Food and Agriculture Organization, Bangkok (2002).

FAO. Modernization of Irrigation System Operations. Proceedings of the Fifth International Information Techniques for Irrigation Systems Conference, Aurangabad, 28-30 October 2000. Food and Agriculture Organization, p. 21-36 (2000).

FAO. Modernizing Irrigation Management – The MASSCOTE Approach; FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 63. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome (2007).

Chaudhry, A. Resources Conservation Technology and Bed and Furrow System for Crop Production. Training Manual for Training at TII AME in Uzbekistan and OWFM in Pakistan, p. 1-43 (2000).

Sarwar, A., & W.G. Bastiaanssen. Long term effects of irrigating water conservation on crop production and environment in semi arid areas. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 6(127): 31-38 (2001).

Kahlown, M.A., M.A. Gill, & M. Ashraf. Evaluation of Resource Conservation Technologies in RiceWheat System of Pakistan. Pakistan Council of Research of Water Resources, Islamabad, Pakistan (2002).

Halcrow. Pakistan Water Sector Strategy: Executive Summary, Volume 1. Ministry of Water and Power. Federal Flood Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan (2002).

Kahlown, M.A., M. Ashraf, & M. Yasin. Water Management for Efficient Use of Irrigation Water and Optimum Crop Production. Research Report No. 3-2003. PCRWR, Islamabad (2003).

Kahlown, M.A., M.S. Shafique, & M. Iqbal. Improved Irrigation Methods for Efficient use of Irrigation Water under Different Water table Depths. Publication 231, Mona Experimental Project, WAPDA, Bhalwal, Pakistan (1998)

Shakir, A.S., & M.M. Qureshi. Irrigation water management on canal command level: A case study of Lower Bari Doab canal system. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Water & Flood Management, 12-14 March 2007, Dhaka, Bangladesh, p. 215-222 (2007)

Shakir, A.S., N.M. Khan, & M.M. Qureshi. Canal water management: Case study of Upper Chenab canal in Pakistan. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage 59: 76–91 (2010).

Downloads

Published

2016-09-17

How to Cite

Rashid, M. U. ., Latif, . A., & Ghani, U. (2016). Sustainable and Optimized Utilization of Water Resources: Inflatable Dams Potential in Pakistan: Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: B. Life and Environmental Sciences, 53(3), 149–161. Retrieved from https://ppaspk.org/index.php/PPAS-B/article/view/345

Issue

Vol. 53 No. 3 (2016)

Section

Research Articles

License

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY). Allows users to: copy the article and distribute; abstracts, create extracts, and other revised versions, adaptations or derivative works of or from an article (such as a translation); include in a collective work (such as an anthology); and text or data mine the article. These uses are permitted even for commercial purposes, provided the user: includes a link to the license; indicates if changes were made; gives appropriate credit to the author(s) (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI); and does not represent the author(s) as endorsing the adaptation of the article or modify the article in such a way as to damage the authors' honor or reputation.