Application of Morphometric Ranking Approach using Geospatial Techniques for Flash Flood Susceptibility Modelling in District Shangla, Pakistan

Authors

  • Muhammad Akmal Sardar Ali Directorate General Soil & Water Conservation, Peshawar, Pakistan
  • Abid Sarwar Directorate General Soil & Water Conservation, Peshawar, Pakistan
  • Muhammad Ali National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
  • Shazia Gulzar Directorate General Soil & Water Conservation, Peshawar, Pakistan
  • Abdul Majid Directorate General Soil & Water Conservation, Peshawar, Pakistan
  • Muhammad Ismail Khan Directorate General Soil & Water Conservation, Peshawar, Pakistan
  • Jabir Nazir National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
  • Arbaz Ahmad Department of Geography and Geomatics, University of Peshawar, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53560/PPASB(60-2)830

Keywords:

Geo-morphometric, GIS, Remote Sensing, Susceptibility, Vulnerability, Flash flood

Abstract

Every year, disaster strikes, and led to thousands of casualties and deaths around the world. A meteorological disaster such as a flash flood is a multifaceted hydro-meteorological phenomenon that can cause a huge loss of human life and can create severe economic problems. In this study, techniques based on Geographic information systems and Remote sensing were used to get the flood susceptibility map for District Shangla, Pakistan. For the susceptibility of flash floods, geo morphometric ranking model was used. Various causative factors were considered including; topography, river pattern, and flow accumulation. ALOS PALSAR digital elevation model was used for calculating the required causative factors. Eleven different sub-basins were delineated in the Shangla basin. A total of eighteen morphometric parameters were studied. The morphometric ranking approach (MRA) score was determined with a range of 1 to 5. Rank 5 represents high risk while rank 1 exhibits low risk. The results of the model were categorized into five flood vulnerability classes; very low, low, moderate, high and very high. The total population of Shangla district is 757,810 with a population density of 480 persons per sq km2, and results from this study revealed that 23 % of the total geographic area (364.11 km2) of the district is vulnerable to high flash floods.

References

V. Bain, O. Newinger, E. Gaume, P. Bernardara, M. Barbuc, and A. Bateman. European flash floods data collation and analysis. 273 (2009).

A.M. Yousaf, B. Pradhan, and S.A. Sefry. Flash flood susceptibility assessment in Jeddah city (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) using bivariate and multivariate statistical models. Environmental Earth Sciences75(1): 1-16 (2016).

G. Collier. Flash flood forecasting: What are the limits of predictability? Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. A journal of the atmospheric sciences, applied meteorology and physical oceanography 133.622: 3-23 (2007).

E. Krausmann, and F. Mushtaq. A qualitative Natech damage scale for the impact of floods on selected industrial facilities. Natural Hazards 46.2: 179-197 (2008).

R. Shaw. Floods in the Hindu Kush Region. causes and socio-economic aspects. Mountain hazards and disaster risk reduction. Springer, Tokyo, 33-52 (2015).

S. Mahmood, and S. Ullah. Assessment of 2010 flash flood causes and associated damages in Dir Valley, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 16: 215-223 (2016).

M. Dawood. Impact of rainfall fluctuation on river discharge in Hindu Kush Region, Pakistan. Abasyn Journal of Social Science 10: 246-259 (2017).

H. Aksoy, V. Kirca, H.I. Burgan, and D. Kellecioglu. Hydrological and hydraulic models for determination of flood-prone and flood inundation areas. Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 373: 137-141 (2016).

W.Z. Kundzewicz, and J. Jania. Extreme hydrometeorological events and their impacts. From the global down to the regional scale. (2007).

B. Mazzorana, J. Hübl, and S. Fuchs. Improving risk assessment by defining consistent and reliable system scenarios. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9.1: 145-159 (2009).

IPCC, Climate Change 2014, Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 (2014).

S.N. Jonkman, and J. K. Vrijling. Loss of life due to floods. Journal of Flood Risk Management 1.1: 43-56 (2008).

E.M. Ibarra. A geographical approach to post-flood analysis. The extreme flood event of 12 October 2007 in Calpe (Spain). Applied Geography 32.2: 490-500 (2012).

J.D. Creutin, M. Borga, E. Gruntfest, C. Lutoff, D. Zoccatelli, and I. Ruin. A space and time framework for analyzing human anticipation of flash floods. Journal of Hydrology 482: 14-24 (2013).

J.D. Creutin, and M. Borga. Radar hydrology modifies the monitoring of flash‐flood hazard. Hydrological processes 17.7: 1453-1456 (2003).

D. Norbiato, M. Borga, M. Sangati, F. Zanon. Regional frequency analysis of extreme precipitation in the eastern Italian Alps and the August 29, 2003 flash flood. Journal of hydrology 345.3-4: 149-166 (2007).

H. Hu. Rainstorm flash flood risk assessment using genetic programming: a case study of risk zoning in Beijing. Natural Hazards 83.1: 485-500 (2016).

D. Gaetano. Time-dependent changes in extremeprecipitation return-period amounts in the continental United States. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 48.10: 2086-2099 (2009).

M.L. Botija, and M. D. Carmen. Flash floods in Catalonia: a recurrent situation. Advances in Geosciences, 2010, vol. 26, p. 105-111 (2010).

M. Shehata, and M. Hideki. Flash flood risk assessment for Kyushu Island, Japan. Environmental earth sciences 77.3: 1-20 (2018).

A.M. Rossa., F.L. Del Guerra, M. Borga, F. Zanon, T. Settin, and D. Leuenberger. Radar-driven high-resolution hydro-meteorological forecasts of the 26 September 2007 Venice flash flood. Journal of Hydrology 394.1-2 : 230-244 (2010).

P.T.T. Ngo, N.D. Hoang, B. Pradhan, Q.K. Nguyen, X.T. Tran, Q.M. Nguyen, and D. Tien Bui. A novel hybrid swarm optimized multilayer neural network for spatial prediction of flash floods in tropical areas using sentinel-1 SAR imagery and geospatial data. Sensors 18.11: 3704. (2018).

A. Arora, M. Pandey, M.A. Siddiqui, H. Hong, and V.N. Mishra. Spatial flood susceptibility prediction in Middle Ganga Plain: comparison of frequency ratio and Shannon’s entropy models. Geocarto International 36.18: 2085-2116 (2021).

W. Chen, Y. Li, W. Xue, H.shahabi, S. Li, H. hong, and B.B. Ahmad. Modeling flood susceptibility using data-driven approaches of naïve bayes tree, alternating decision tree, and random forest methods. Science of The Total Environment 701: 134979 (2020).

M.I. Gad, A.I. El-Shiekh, and R.A. Khalifa, K.A. Ahmed. Flash flood risk assessment applying multi-criteria analysis for some northwestern coastal basins, Egypt. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences 4.10: 41-60 (2016).

W.M. Elsadek. M.G. Ibrahim, and W. Mahmod. Flash flood risk estimation of Wadi Qena Watershed, Egypt using GIS based morphometric analysis. Applied Environmental Research 40.1: 36-45 (2018).

K. Thakkar, and S.D. Dhiman. Morphometric analysis and prioritization of miniwatersheds in Mohr watershed, Gujarat using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Journal of the Indian society of Remote Sensing 35.4: 313-321 (2007).

K. Martins, and B.L. Gadiga. Hydrological and morphometric analysis of upper Yedzaram catchment of Mubi in Adamawa state, Nigeria Using geographic information system (GIS). World Environment 5.2: 63-69 (2015).

N. Mundetia, D. Sharma, and S.K. Dubey. Morphometric assessment and sub-watershed prioritization of Khari River basin in semi-arid region of Rajasthan, India. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 11.18: 1-18 (2018).

S.K. Yadav, A. Dubey, S.K. Singh, D. Yadav. Spatial regionalisation of morphometric characteristics of mini watershed of Northern Foreland of Peninsular India. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 13.12: 1-16 (2020).

S. Singh, S. Kanhaiya, A. Singh, and K. Chaubey. Drainage network characteristics of the Ghaghghar river basin (GRB), Son valley, India. Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes 3.3: 159-167 (2019).

C.S. Jahan, M.F. Rahman, R.Arefin, S. Ali, and Q.H. Mazumder. Morphometric analysis and hydrological inference for water resource management in Atrai-Sib River basin, NW Bangladesh using remote sensing and GIS technique. Journal of the Geological Society of India 91.5: 613-620 (2018).

P.P. Choudhari, G.K. Nigham, S.K. Singh, and S. Thakur. Morphometric based prioritization of watershed for groundwater potential of Mula river basin, Maharashtra, India. Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes 2.4: 256-267 (2018).

V.P. Patil, and S.P. Mali. Watershed characterization and prioritization of Tulasi subwatershed: a geospatial approach. Int J Innov Res Sci Eng Technol 2.6: 2182-2189 (2013).

N.A. Zaigham, O.S. Abuzirazia, G.A. Mahar, and Z.A. Nayyar. Hydrogeologic assessment for groundwater prospects in Al-Abwa drainage basin, arid-terrain of Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabian Red Sea coastal belt. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 13.10: 1-11 (2020).

S. Mahmood, and A. Rahman. Flash flood susceptibility modeling using geo-morphometric and hydrological approaches in Panjkora Basin, Eastern Hindu Kush, Pakistan. Environmental earth sciences 78.1: 1-16 (2019).

S. Davolio. Numerical forecast and analysis of a tropical-like cyclone in the Ionian Sea. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9.2: 551-562 (2009).

R. Hajam, A. Hamid, and S. Bhat. Application of morphometric analysis for geo-hydrological studies using geo-spatial technology–a case study of Vishav Drainage Basin. Hydrology Current Research 4.3: 1-12 (2013).

T.A. Kanth, and Z. Hassan. Morphometric analysis and prioritization of watersheds for soil and water resource management in Wular catchment using geo-spatial tools. Int J Geol Earth Environ Sci 2.1: 30-41 (2012).

G. Tarboton. A new method for the determination of flow directions and upslope areas in grid digital elevation models. Water resources research 33.2: 309-319. (1997)

R. Parveen, U. Kumar, and V.K. Singh. Geomorphometric characterization of Upper South Koel Basin, Jharkhand: a remote sensing & GIS approach. Journal of Water Resource and Protection 4.12: 1042 (2012).

R. Hajam, A. Hamid, and S. Bhat. Application of morphometric analysis for geo-hydrological studies using geo-spatial technology–a case study of Vishav Drainage Basin. Hydrology Current Research 4.3: 1-12 (2013).

C. Ramu, B. Mahalingam, and P. Jayashree. Morphometric analysis of Tungabhadra drainage basin in Karnataka using geographical information system. Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2.7: 1-7 (2013).

M.L. Waikar, and A.P. Nilawar. Morphometric analysis of a drainage basin using geographical information system: a case study. Int J Multidiscip Curr Res 2.2014: 179-184 (2014).

K. Martins, and B.L. Gadiga. Hydrological and morphometric analysis of upper Yedzaram catchment of Mubi in Adamawa state, Nigeria. Using geographic information system (GIS). World Environment 5.2: 63-69 (2015).

R.P. Rai, K. Mohan, S. Mishra, A. Ahmad, and V.N. Mishra A GIS-based approach in drainage morphometric analysis of Kanhar River Basin, India. Applied Water Science 7.1: 217-232 (2017).

B. Pradhan. Flood susceptible mapping and risk area delineation using logistic regression, GIS and remote sensing. Journal of Spatial Hydrology 9.2 (2010).

S.A. Rahaman. Prioritization of sub watershed based on morphometric characteristics using fuzzy analytical hierarchy process and geographical information system–A study of Kallar Watershed, Tamil Nadu. Aquatic Procedia 4: 1322-1330 (2015).

H. S. Aldharab, and S. A. Ali. Analysis of Basin Geometry in Ataq Region, Part of Shabwah Yemen: Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Techniques. Bulletin of Pure & Applied Sciences-Geology 1 (2019).

S. Lama, and R. Maiti. Morphometric Analysis of Chel River Basin, West Bengal, India, using Geographic Information System. Earth Science India 12.1 (2019).

P. D. Sreedevi, P.D. Sreekanth, H.H. Khan, and S. Ahmad. Drainage morphometry and its influence on hydrology in a semi arid region: using SRTM data and GIS. Environmental earth sciences 70.2: 839-848 (2013).

Y.I. Farhan, O. Anaba, and A. Salim. Morphometric analysis and flash floods assessment for drainage basins of the Ras En Naqb Area, South Jordan using GIS. Applied Morphometry and Watershed Management Using RS, GIS and Multivariate Statistics (Case Studies) 413 (2017).

N. Mundetia, D. Sharma, and S.K. Dubey. Morphometric assessment and sub-watershed prioritization of Khari River basin in semi-arid region of Rajasthan, India. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 11.18: 1-18 (2018).

S. Nag, M.B. Roy, and P.K. Roy. Optimum prioritisation of sub-watersheds based on erosion-susceptible zones through modeling and GIS techniques. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment 6.3: 1529-1544 (2020).

B. Ahmed, and P. Sammonds. Flash flood susceptibility assessment using the parameters of drainage basin morphometry in SE Bangladesh. Quaternary International 575: 295-307. (2021)

S.A. Mohamed, and M.E. El-Raey. Vulnerability assessment for flash floods using GIS spatial modeling and remotely sensed data in El-Arish City, North Sinai, Egypt. Natural Hazards 102.2: 707-728 (2020).

N. Sadhasivam, A. Bhardwaj, H.R. Pourghmesmi, and N.P. Kamraj. Morphometric attributes-based soil erosion susceptibility mapping in Dnyanganga watershed of India using individual and ensemble models. Environmental Earth Sciences 79.14: 1-28 (2020).

N.M. Ogarekpe. Flood vulnerability assessment of the upper Cross River basin using morphometric analysis. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk11.1: 1378-1403 (2020).

V. Gardiner, and C.C. Park. Drainage basin morphometry: review and assessment. Progress in Physical Geography 2.1: 1-35 (1978).

N. Strahler. Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 38.6: 913-920 (1957).

S.A. Schumm. Evolution of drainage systems and slopes in badlands at Perth Amboy, New Jersey. Geological society of America bulletin 67.5: 597-646 (1956).

Y.I. Farhan, O. Anaba, and A. Salim. Morphometric analysis and flash floods assessment for drainage basins of the Ras En Naqb Area, South Jordan Using GIS. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 4.6: 9-33 (2016).

Downloads

Published

2023-06-24

How to Cite

Muhammad Akmal Sardar Ali, Abid Sarwar, Muhammad Ali, Shazia Gulzar, Abdul Majid, Muhammad Ismail Khan, Jabir Nazir, & Arbaz Ahmad. (2023). Application of Morphometric Ranking Approach using Geospatial Techniques for Flash Flood Susceptibility Modelling in District Shangla, Pakistan. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: B. Life and Environmental Sciences, 60(2), 243–255. https://doi.org/10.53560/PPASB(60-2)830

Issue

Section

Research Articles