Filamentous Fungi for Bioremediation of Oily Effluents of a Local Ghee Industry in Pakistan: An Environmental Perception
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53560/PPASB(60-3)795Keywords:
Micromycetes, Mycoremediation, Eco-friendly, Waste management, BiodegradationAbstract
Mycoremediation is emerging as a potential approach for eco-friendly, cost-effective, and the most natural attenuation due to the biodegradation of polluted effluents from oil effluents which affect human health and the ecosystem. This work dealt with the analyses of the biodegradation capability of some potential indigenous fungal isolates viz., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Rhizopus stolonifer, against oil effluents collected from a local ghee industry in Pakistan. Percentage reduction potential in different parameters i.e., pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), confirmed that these fungi had the potential to degrade oily effluents. Aspergillus niger showed the highest reduction potential, while A. flavus and R. stolonifer had the least reduction potential to treat oil pollution. This indicates the potential of these identified fungi as biosorbents for removing high oil contents from industrial and wastewater discharge.
References
A. Azizullah, M.N.K. Khattak, P. Richter, and D.P. Hader. Water pollution in Pakistan and its impact on public health - A review. Environment International 37: 479-497 (2011).
J.B. Mariano, and E.L.L. Rovere. Environmental impacts of the oil Industry. Journal of Encyclopedia of Life Support System 65: 1-6 (1999).
H.S. Abd El-Gawad. Oil and grease removal from industrial wastewater using new utility approach. Advances in Environmental Chemistry (2014).
P.A. Vesilind, J.J. Peirce, and R.F. Weiner. Environmental pollution and control. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2013).
S. Khan, F. Haq, and K. Saeed. Pollution load in industrial effluent and ground water due to marble industries in district Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research 3: 366 – 368 (2012).
N.T. Joutey, W. Bahafid, H. Sayel, and N.E. Ghanchtouli. Biodegradation: involved microorganism and genetically engineered microorganisms. The Journal of Biodegradation - Life of Science 23: 1-20 (2013).
V. Balaji, P. Arulazhagan, and P. Ebenezer. Enzymatic bioremediation of polyromantic hydrocarbons by fungal consortia enriched from petroleum contaminated soil and oil seeds. Journal of Environmental Biology 35: 521-529 (2014).
N.U. Asamudo, A.S. Daba, and O.U. Ezeronye. Bioremediation of textile effluent using Phanerchaete chrysosporium. African Journal of Biotechnology 4: 1548-1553 (2005).
L.E. Jensen. Fungal degradation of pesticides - construction of microbial consortia for bioremediation. University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (2012).
C. Adenipekun, and R. Lawal. Uses of mushrooms in bioremediation: A review. Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Reviews 7: 62–68 (2012). doi: 10.5897/BMBR12.006
A.B. Al-Hawash, M.A. Dragh, S. Li, A. Alhujaily, H.A. Abbood, X. Zhang, et al. Principles of microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 44: 71–76 (2018). doi: 10.1016/j.ejar.2018.06.001
S. Miri, M. Naghdi, T. Rouissi, S. Kaur Brar, and R. Martel. Recent biotechnological advances in petroleum hydrocarbons degradation under cold climate conditions: A review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 49: 553–586 (2019). doi: 10.1080/ 10643389.2018.1552070
T. Mahmud, I.A. Sabo, Z.N. Lambu, D. Danlami, and A.A. Shehu. Hydrocarbon degradation potentials of fungi: A review. Journal of Environmental Bioremediation and Toxicology 5: 50–56 (2022). doi: 10.54987/jebat.v5i1.681
A. Mukherjee. Role of Aspergillus in bioremediation process. In New and future developments in microbial biotechnology and bioengineering 209-214 Elsevier (2016).
T.N. Evans, and R.J. Seviour. Estimating biodiversity of fungi in activated sludge communities using culture-independent methods. Microbial Ecology 63: 773-786 (2012).
F.T. De Vries, E. Baath, T.W. Kuyper, and J. Bloem. High turnover of fungal hyphae in incubation experiments. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 67: 389-396 (2009).
A.H. Molla, A. Fakhru-razi, Abd –Azizs, M.M Hanafi, P.K. Pouchodhury, and M.Z. Alam. A potential resource for bioconversion of domestic wastewater sludge. Bioresor Technology 85(3):263-272 (2002).
E. Abatenh, B. Gizaw, and Z. Tsegaye. Contamination in a microbiological laboratory. International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences 6: 7-13 (2018).
APHA. Standard method for the examination of water and wastewater, 18th ed.; Washington, DC, USA, (1999).
I. Sharma. Bioremediation techniques for polluted environment: concept, advantages, limitations, and prospects', in M. A. Murillo-Tovar, H. Saldarriaga-Noreña, A. Saeid (eds.), Trace Metals in the Environment - New Approaches and Recent Advances, Intech Open, London. 10.5772/intechopen.90453 (2020).
C.D. Batelle. Mushroom; higher macrofungi to clean up the environment. Environmental Science and Technology 13: 416 –423 (2000).
T.M. April, J.M. Foght, and R.S. Currah. Hydrocarbon-degrading filamentous fungi isolated from flare pit soils in northern and western Canada. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 46(1): 38-49 (2000).
F. Chaillan, L.F. Anne, E. Bury, Y. Phantavong, P. Grimont, A. Saliot, and J. Oudot. Identification and biodegradation potential of tropical aerobic hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms. Research in Microbiology 155: 587-595 (2004).
J.C. Colombo, M. Cabello, and A.M. Arambarri. Biodegradation of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons by natural soil microflora and pure cultures of imperfect and lignolitic fungi. Environtal Pollution 94: 355-362 (1996).
Q. Mahmood, S. Shaheen, M. Bilal, T. Madiha, B.S. Zeb, Z. Ullah, and A. Ali. Chemical pollutants from an industrial estate in Pakistan: a threat to environmental sustainability. Applies Water Science 9: 47 (2019).
R. Kumar, and A. Kumar. Water analysis biochemical oxygen demand. In Encyclopedia of Analytical Science (Second Edition), Worsfold, P., Townshend, A., Poole, C., Eds.; Elsevier: Oxford pp. 315-324 (2005).
C. Gualtieri. Sediment oxygen demand modeling in dissolved oxygen balance. In Environmental Engineering and Renewable Energy, Gavasci, R., Zandaryaa, S., Eds.; Elsevier: Oxford pp. 313-322 (1998).
P. Bajpai. Environmental Impact. In Biermann's Handbook of Pulp and Paper (Third Edition), Bajpai, P., Ed.; Elsevier pp. 325-348 (2018).
S. Naz, S. Ahmad, S.A. Rasool, S.A. Sayeed, and R. Siddiqi. Antibacterial activity directed isolation of compounds from Onosma hispidum. Microbiological Research 161: 43-48 (2006).
A. Kumar, and C. Ram. Ligninolytic enzymes and its mechanisms for degradation of lignocellulosic waste in environment. Heliyon 6 (2): (2020).
H. Al-Nasrawi. Biodegradation of crude oil by fungi isolated from Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation 3: 147 – 152 (2012).
A.A. Burghal, and W.H. Al-Tamimi. Mycodegradation of crude oil by fungal species isolated from petroleum contaminated soil. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 5(2): 1517-1524 (2016).
S.K. Mohan, and B. Suresh. Studies on biodegradation of Plastics by Aspergillus sp. isolated from dye effluent enriched soil. Indo American Journal of Pharmacy Science 2: 1636-1639 (2015).
S. Buvansewari, S. Damaodarkumar, and S. Murugesan. Bioremediation studies on sugar-mill by selected fungal species. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science 2: 50-58 (2013).
E. Keren, F. Chain, and S. Alex. The role of indigenous bacterial and fungal soil populations in the biodegradation of crude oil in a desert soil. Biodegradation Journal 17(4): 369 – 377 (2006).
I.F.H. AI-Jawhari. Ability of some fungi isolated from a sediment of Suq AI shuyukh marshes on biodegradation of crude oil. International Journal of Current MicrobioIogy and Applied Sciences 4(1): 19-32 (2015).
W. Weyman-Kaczmarkowa, and Z. Pedziwilk. The development of fungi as affected by pH and type of soil, in relation to the occurrence of bacteria and soil fungistatic activity. Microbiological Research 155(2):107-112 (2000).
S.U. Nwachukwu, and E.O. Ugoji. Impact of crude petroleum spills on microbial communities of tropical soils. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 21(1): 169 – 175 (1995).
M. Najafi, G. Kashi. Removal of poly aromatic hydrocarbons and total petroleum hydrocarbon by using bio – enzyme: a batch study. Journal of Medical and Bioengineering 1(1): 42 -47 (2012).
A. Hernandez, R.P. Mellado, and J.L. Martinez. Metal accumulation and Vanadium induced multidrug resistance by environmental isolates of Escherchia hermanii and Enterobacter cloacae. Applied and Environmental MicrobioIogy 64 (11): 4317 – 4320 (1998).
J.S. Davis, and D.W. Westlake. Crude oil utilization by fungi. Canadian Journal of MicrobioIogy 25 (2): 146 – 156 (1979).
H. Wake. Oil refineries: a review of their ecological impacts on the aquatic environment. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 62(1-2): 131-140 (2005).
I.F. Hassan, N. Mhail, and S. Ali. Evaluation the quality of the oil waste to AI-Nasiriya refinery and possibility of treatment by some filamentous fungi. Advances in Environmental Biology 10: 34-43 (2016).
G. Sabah, E. D. Jatau, and C.M.Z. Whong. Assessment of biodegradation ability of Aspergillus niger isolated from mechanic workshops soil on refinery effluent and petroleum hydrocarbons. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications 6(3): 381-389 (2016).
P. Chavda, and A. Rana. Performance evaluation of effluent treatment plant of dairy industry. Pratiksinh Chavda International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications 4(9): 37-40 (2014).
D. Damisa, T.S. Oyegoke, U.J.J. Ijah, N.U. Adabara, J.D. Bala, and R. Abdulsalam. Biodegradation of petroleum by fungi isolated from unpolluted tropical soil. International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology 4: 136-140 (2013).
K.A. Asghar, A.A. Hussain, Z. Malik, A. Asghar, and A. Bibi. Evaluating the effect of industrial effluents on chemical composition of soil in village Dingi, district Haripur. Journal of Mountain Area Research 1: 13-20 (2016).
