Nutritional Study of Various Cow Breeds from Bhatta Chowk Lahore (Punjab), Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53560/PPASA(60-3)652Keywords:
Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, Cholistani, Holstein Frisian Breeds, Cow Milk, Bhatta Chowk Lahore, Nutritional AnalysisAbstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the nutritional study of cow's milk of various breeds from Bhatta Chowk Lahore. Different cow breeds were found to possess variable amounts of nutritional contents, i.e., highest moisture and ash in the Cholistani cow, highest fat in the Sahiwal cow, highest calcium and specific gravity in the Holstein cow and highest contents of protein, solid-not-fat and total solid in Red Sindhi. Red Sindhi cow’s milk was found to be more nutritious in terms of its richness in proteins, solid-not-fat and total solids whereas Holstein cow was rich in calcium. Calcium was found to be in a range of 550 to 630 ppm with the decrease of concentration in the following order: Sahiwal>Holstein Frisian= Red Sindhi>Cholistani. The Cholistani cow milk showed the presence of 3.126 % protein, 3.5 % fat, 88.2 % moisture, 8.3 % solids-not fat, 11.8 % total solids, 0.791 % ash, 30.5o lactometer reading and 1.0305 kg/m3 specific gravity. Sahiwal cow milk showed 3.318 % of protein, 4.1 % fat, 87.5 % moisture, 30.1o lactometer reading, 1.03 kg/m3 specific gravity, 8.4 % solids-not-fat, 12.5 % total solids and 0.79 % ash. Holstein Frisian’s milk demonstrated the presence of 3.33 % protein, 3.8 % fat, 87.35% moisture, 31o lactometer reading, 1.03 kg/m3 specific gravity, 8.85 % solids-not-fat, 12.65 % total solids and 0.77 % ash. Red Sindhi’s milk revealed the presence of 3.38 % protein, 3.95 % fat, 85.65 % moisture, 28o Lactometer reading, 1.028 kg/m3 specific gravity, 10.4% solids-not-fat, 14.35% total solids and 0.705% ash.
References
K. Mayilathal, K. Thirumathal, N. Thamizhselvi, and D. Yasotha. A comparative study on the chemical parameters of milk samples collected from cow, buffalo and goat at Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu, India. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research 8(4): 16612-
(2017).
T.L. Tyasi, M. Gxasheka, and C. Tlabela. Assessing the effect of nutrition on milk composition of dairy cows: A review. International Journal of Current Science 17: 56-63 (2015).
P. Fox, T. Uniacke-Lowe, P. McSweeney, J. O'Mahony, P. Fox, T. Uniacke-Lowe, P. McSweeney, and J. O’Mahony. Physical properties of milk. Dairy Chemistry and Biochemistry: 321-343 (2015).
J. Yoganandi, B.M. Mehta, K. Wadhwani, V. Darji, and D.K. Aparnathi. Comparison of physico-chemical properties of camel milk with cow milk and buffalo milk. Journal of Camel Practice and Research 21(2): 253-
(2014).
L. Walter, P. Shrestha, R. Fry, B. Leury, and
A. Logan. Lipid metabolic differences in cows producing small or large milk fat globules: Fatty acid origin and degree of saturation. Journal of Dairy Science 103(2): 1920-1930 (2020).
O. Ménard, S. Ahmad, F. Rousseau, V. Briard-Bion, F. Gaucheron, and C. Lopez. Buffalo vs. cow milk fat globules: Size distribution, zeta-potential, compositions in total fatty acids and in polar lipids from the milk fat globule membrane. Food Chemistry 120(2): 544-551 (2010).
M.V. Calvo, J. Fontecha, A. Pérez-Gálvez, and L.M. Rodríguez-Alcalá. Milk lipids and their nutritional importance, in Bioactive Lipids. Elsevier. p. 269-295 (2023).
T. Huppertz, T. Uniacke-Lowe, and A. Kelly. Physical chemistry of milk fat globules. Advanced Dairy Chemistry: Lipids 2: 133-167 (2020).
P.L. McSweeney, N.F. Olson, P.F. Fox, A. Healy, and P. Højrup. Proteolytic specificity of chymosin on bovine α s1,-casein. Journal of Dairy Research 60(3): 401-412 (1993).
S. Kumar, K. Kumar, S. Suman, and P. Kumar. Cow milk and human health-a review. Research & Reviews: Journal of Dairy Science and Technology 3(3): 1-3
(2014).
S. Lingathurai, P. Vellathurai, S.E. Vendan, and A.A.P. Anand. A comparative study on the microbiological and chemical composition of cow milk from different locations in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. Indian Journal of Science and Technology 2(2): 51- 54 (2009).
E. Mahdian and M.M. Tehrani. Evaluation the effect of milk total solids on the relationship between growth and activity of starter cultures and quality of concentrated yoghurt. Agriculture and Environmental Sciences 2(5): 587-592 (2007).
A. Belkhemas. A comparative study of different types of cow's milk marketed in tiaret region. 2022, Ph.D. Thesis, Université IBN KHALDOUN-Tiaret.
http://dspace.univ- tiaret.dz/handle/123456789/8321
M. Salman, M. Khaskheli, A.R.T. Israr-Ul- Haq, P. Khuhro, M. Rauf, H. Hamid, and A. Aziz. Comparative studies on nutritive quality of buffalo and cow milk. International Journal of Research in Applied, Natural and Social Sciences 2(12): 69-78 (2014).
D.S. Dora, S.K. Chourasia, S.S. Sahu, D. Paikra, and S. Bara. Relationship between different milk constituents of GIR cow. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 8(2): 551-553 (2020).
F. Gaucheron. The minerals of milk. Reproduction Nutrition Development 45(4): 473-483 (2005).
Š. Zamberlin, N. Antunac, J. Havranek, and
D. Samaržija. Mineral elements in milk and dairy products. Mljekarstvo: časopis za unaprjeđenje proizvodnje i prerade mlijeka 62(2): 111-125 (2012).
E.M. Rodriguez Rodriguez, M. Sanz Alaejos, and C. Diaz Romero. Mineral concentrations in cow's milk from the Canary Island. Journal of food composition and analysis 14(4): 419-430 (2001).
S. Dandare, I. Ezeonwumelu, and M. Abubakar. Comparative analysis of nutrient composition of milk from different breeds of cows. Scholars Research Library European Journal of Applied Engineering and Scientific Research 3(2): 33-36 (2014).
A.E. Ratajczak, A. Zawada, A.M. Rychter,
A. Dobrowolska, and I. Krela-Kaźmierczak. Milk and dairy products: good or bad for human bone? practical dietary recommendations for the prevention and management of osteoporosis. Nutrients 13(4): 1329 (2021).
G. Murthy, and U. Rhea. Determination of major cations in milk by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Journal of Dairy Science 50(3): 313-317 (1967).
G. Lutfullah, A.A. Khan, A.Y. Amjad, and S. Perveen. Comparative study of heavy metals in dried and fluid milk in Peshawar by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The Scientific World Journal 2014: 715845 (2014).
L.-S. Canabady-Rochelle, C. Sanchez, M. Mellema, and S. Banon. Thermodynamic characterization of calcium-milk protein interaction by isothermal titration calorimetry. Dairy Science & Technology 89(3-4): 257-267 (2009).
M. Tariq, and P.S.-C.T.T. Singh, Sustainable Dairy Production in Pakistan: Lesson Learned and Way Forward. https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/2023- 05/B65%20-%20Tariq%20-
%20Sustainable%20Dairy%20Production% 20in%20Pakistan.pdf.
M.A. Chaudhry, M. Rafiq, M.A. Hanjra, M. Ahmad, and S. Hassan. Economic analysis of milk production in district okara. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 17 (3): 135-138 (1997).
A. Kumar, B. Chandel, A. Dixit, S. Tiwari,
K. Haritha, and M. Kumar. Distribution and Preference of Selected Dairy Breeds among Farmers of Bihar: A Socio-economic Analysis. Indian Journal of Extension Education 59(3): 85-89 (2023).
R.M. Uddin, M.E. Babar, A. Nadeem, T. Hussain, S. Ahmad, S. Munir, R. Mehboob, and F.J. Ahmad. Genetic analysis of prolactin gene in Pakistani cattle. Molecular Biology Reports 40(10): 5685-5689 (2013).
S. Banik, and R. Gandhi. Animal model versus conventional methods of sire evaluation in Sahiwal cattle. Asian- Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 19(9): 1225-1228 (2006).
D.M.J. Aftab. Pak Dairy Info Pakistan's 1st Online Dairy Farming Guide. 2012.
P. Khatri, K.B. Mirbahar, and U. Samo. Productive performance of Red Sindhi cattle. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 3(6): 353-355 (2004).
F.N. Talpur, M. Bhanger, and M. Khuhawar. Comparison of fatty acids and cholesterol content in the milk of Pakistani cow breeds. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 19(6-7): 698-703 (2006).
A. Qayyum, J.A. Khan, R. Hussain, T.I. Ahmad, I. Zahoor, M. Ahmad, M. Awais, N. Ahmed, Z. Ahmad, and M. Mubeen. Correlations of blood serum and milk biochemical profiles with subclinical mastitis in Cholistani cattle. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 55(4): 959-
(2018).
D.H. Kleyn, J.M. Lynch, D.M. Barbano, M.J. Bloom, M.W. Mitchell and Collaborators. Determination of fat in raw and processed milks by the Gerber method: collaborative study. Journal of AOAC international 84(5): 1499-1508 (2001).
B. Puga-Torres, D. Salazar, M. Cachiguango, G. Cisneros, and C. Gómez- Bravo. Determination of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk from different provinces of Ecuador. Toxins 12(8): 498 (2020).
M. Markiewicz-Kęszycka, G. Czyżak- Runowska, P. Lipińska, and J. Wójtowski. Fatty acid profile of milk-a review. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 57(2): 135-139 (2013).
N. Mahmood, M.A. Muazzam, M. Ahmad,
S. Hussain, and W. Javed. Phytochemistry of Allium cepa L.(Onion): An Overview of its Nutritional and Pharmacological Importance. Scientific Inquiry and Review 5(3): 41-59 (2021).
S.Z. Butt, S. Hussain, K.S. Munawar, A. Tajammal, and M.A. Muazzam. Phytochemistry of Ziziphus Mauritiana; its Nutritional and Pharmaceutical Potential. Scientific Inquiry and Review 5(2): 1-15
(2021).
S. Hussain, M. Javed, M.A. Abid, M.A. Khan, S.K. Syed, M. Faizan, and F. Feroz. Prunus Avium L.; Phytochemistry, Nutritional and Pharmacological Review. Advancements in Life Sciences 8(4): 307-
(2021).
R. Anwar, S. Hussain, M.A. Abid, M. Ahmad, M. Javed, and M. Pervaiz. Pharmacological and Phytochemical Potential of Aleo Barbadensis (A Comprehensive Review). Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences 6(02): 107-123 (2022).
S. Hussain, W. Javed, A. Tajammal, M. Khalid, N. Rasool, M. Riaz, M. Shahid, I. Ahmad, R. Muhammad, and S.A.A. Shah. Synergistic Antibacterial Screening of Cymbopogon citratus and Azadirachta indica: Phytochemical Profiling and Antioxidant and Hemolytic Activities. ACS Omega 8(19): 16600-16611 (2023).
M. Javed, M. Shoaib, Z. Iqbal, M.A. Khan,
S. Hussain, and M. Amjad. Phytochemical and Biological Studies on Curcuma longa L. in Pattoki (Kasur), Pakistan: Chemical and Biological studies of Curcuma longa. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: B. Life and Environmental Sciences 57(2): 59-66 (2020).
G. Niero, M. Franzoi, C.L. Manuelian, G. Visentin, M. Penasa, and M. De Marchi, Protein profile of cow milk from multibreed herds and its relationship with milk coagulation properties. Italian Journal of Animal Science 20(1): 2232-2242 (2021).
