Critical Barriers in Project Management Faced by Offshore Software Multi-Sourcing Vendors: A Detailed Study
Multi-sourcing risks
Keywords:
Global software development, multi-sourcing, software project management, vendors, SLR, offshore software development outsourcing, barriersAbstract
Multi-sourcing is a modern business strategy in Global Software Development (GSD), adopted by many organizations in developed areas for producing fast and improved quality software products with minimum developmental cost by contracting the project with copious vendor organizations at low prices countries. The objective of this research work is to find out all possible critical barriers (CBs) in software project management faced by multi-sourcing vendor organizations. This will assist in planning for mitigation and avoidance of these risks/barriers for successfully achieving project goals in earlier planning phase. Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was used for identification of these critical barriers that can be faced by vendor organizations at various stages of SDLC for multi-sourced software projects development. Our research reveals that most of the challenges are relevant to planning phase of SDLC.
References
Khan, S.U. Software Outsourcing Vendors' Readiness Model. PhD thesis, School of Computing and Maths, Keele, UK (2011).
Lago, P., H. Muccini, & M.A. Babar. Developing a course on designing software in globally distributed teams, In: IEEE International Conference on Global Software Engineering, ICGSE08, p. 249-253 (2008).
Chang-Klaris. T & E. Kate. Out of sight but not out of mind? Informal networks, communication and media use In: Global Software Teams in CASCON '07 Proceedings of the 2007 Conference of the Center for Advanced Studies on Collaborative Research (2007).
Herbsleb. J and D. Moitra, Global Software Development. IEEE Software 18(2): 16-20 (2001).
United Nations. World Investment Report: The Shift Towards Services. Unitd Nations, New York (2004).
Khan. S.U., M. Niazi & N. Ikram. Systematic literature review protocol for SORT software outsourcing relationships trust. In: Keele Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, U.K: School of Computing and Mathematics Keele University, UK (2009).
Cohen, L. & A. Young. Multisourcing: Moving Beyond Outsourcing to Achieve Growth and Agility. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA, USA (2006).
Brigden, J. Multi-sourcing: Keeping your business partnerships spinning. Outsourcing Yearbook, p. 103-104 (2011).
Huber, B. Agile multi-sourcing: A critical business trend concepts and background. Knowledge Powering Results 55(3):33-54 (2008).
Ebert, C., B.K. Murthy, & N.N. Jha. Managing Risks in Global Software Engineering: Principles and Practices. In: International Conference on Global Software Engineering, Bangalore, India, IEEE, p. 125-132 (2008).
Khan, S.U., M. Niazi, & A. Rasheed. Critical barriers for offshore software development outsourcing vendors: A systematic literature review. In: Software Engineering Conference, 1-3 Dec., 2009, APSEC '09. Penang, Malaysia, Elsevier. p. 9–86 (2009).
Ita, R. A process framework for global software engineering Teams. Information and Software Technology 7(5): 122-132 (2012).
Verner. J.M. et al. Risks and risk mitigation in global software development: A tertiary study Information and Software Technology 56: 54–78 (2014).
Ali-Babar, M. & L. Christian. Global software engineering: Identifying challenges is important and providing solutions is even better. Information and Software Technology 56: 1-5 (2014).
Cohen, L. & A. Young. Multisourcing: Moving beyond Outsourcing to Achieve Growth and Agility. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA, USA (2006).
Brigden, J. Multi-sourcing: Keeping your business partnerships Spinning, In: Outsourcing Yearbook, p. 103-104 (2011).
Bapna, R. Cooperation, coordination, and governance in multisourcing: an agenda for analytical and empirical research. Information Systems Research 21(1): 21-45 (2010).
Kitchenham, B. Guidelines for performing Systematic Literature Reviews in Software Engineering. Keele University, UK, p. 1-65 (2007). 19. Khan, N.R., & S. Ullah. Offshore country selection risk management model: Systematic literature review protocol. IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering 3 (4): 46-55 (2012).
Khan, A.W. & S. Ullah. Outsourcing contract management mode, In: Doctoral Symposium, 13th International Conference on Product-focused Software Development and Process Improvement (Profes 2012), 27-35, June 13-15, Madrid, Spain (2012).
Azeem, M.I & S. Ullah. Intercultural Challenges Mitigation Model for offshore Software Development Outsourcing Vendors, International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology 21(1): 112-125 (2012).
Khan, S.U. & A.A. Ullah. Knowledge Sharing Management Model (KSMM) for Software Development Outsourcing Vendors, International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, (IJAST), ISSN: 2005-4238 http://www.sersc.org/ journals/IJAST/, 45: 135-144 (2012).
Salam, M. & S. Ullah. Software development multisourcing relationship management model protocol: A systematic literature review. IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering 3(2): 24-31(2012).
Li, E.-l. Study of the decision-making model of outsourcing service provider selection. International Journal of u- and e- Service, Science and Technology 6: 1-10 (2013).
Islam, S. Towards a Framework for Offshore Outsource Software Development Risk Management Model. Journal of Software 6(2):22-35(2011).
Wire, F. Multi-sourcing of IT, the way ahead. FinancialWire, http://financialwire.net/articles/ article.asp?analystId=0&id=77800&topicId=160&l evel=160 (Accessed 15 March, 2008).
Jemmy, G. Power of many: Maximizing the multisource IT operating model for high performance. The Point, Accenture (2007).
Currie, W.L. & L.P. Willcocks, Analyzing four types of IT sourcing decisions in the context of scale, client/supplier interdependency and risk mitigation, Information Systems Journal 8(2): 119-143, (1998).
Carmel, E. Global Software Teams: Collaboration across Borders and Time Zones. Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, NJ, (1999).
MacGregor, E., Y. Hsieh, & P. Kruchten. The impact of inter-cultural factors on global software development. In: Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering. Saskatoon Inn Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Canada. IEEE, 1-4 May, 2005 (2005).
Ågerfalk, P.J. & B. Fitzgerald. Flexible and distributed software processes: old petunias in New bowls. Communications of the ACM 49(10): 26–34, (2006).
Carmel, E. Global Software Teams: Collaboration across Borders and Time Zones. Prentice Hall, PTR, Upper Saddle River, NJ (2002).
Herbsleb, J.D. Global software engineering: The future of socio-technical coordination. In: Future of Software Engineering (FOSE’07) Minneapolis, MN, USA, ACM, p. 188–198 (2007).
Holmstrom, H., E. ó Conchúir, P.J. Ågerfalk, & B. Fitzgerald. Global software development Challenges: A case study on temporal, geographical and socio-cultural distance. In: International Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE ’06), New York, USA; IEEE (2006).
Krishna, S., S. Sahay, and G. Walsham. Managing cross-cultural issues. In: Global Software Outsourcing. Communications, London, UK. ACM, 47(4):62–66, (2004).
Prikladnicki, R., J.L.N. Audy, & R. Evaristo. Global software development in practice lessons Learned, Software Process: Improvement and Practice, 8(4):267–281, (2004).
Mary, L. & R. Joseph, Effects of offshore outsourcing of information technology work on client project management. Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal 2(1): 4-26 (2009).
Khan, S.U., M. Niazi, & R. Ahmad. Factors influencing clients in the selection of offshore software outsourcing vendors: an exploratory study using a systematic literature review. Journal of Systems and Software 84(4): 686-699 (2011).
Prikladnicki, R., & M. H. Yamaguti, Risk management in global software development: A position paper. In: Third International Workshop on Global Software Development (GSD 2004), Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (2004).
United-Nations. World Investment Report. The Shift Towards Services. New York and Geneva, (2004).
M. Bland, An Introduction to Medical Statistics. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press (2000).
UNESCO Bangkok. Using project management software in education. [Online] http://www. unescobkk.org/education/ict/online-resources/ databases/ict-in-educationdatabase/item/article/ using-project-management-software-in-education (2014).
Rupinder K., J. Sengupta, Software Process Models and Analysis on Failure of Software Development Projects: International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 2(2):11-23 (2011).
Khan. S.U & A.M. Ilyas, Intercultural Challenges in Offshore Software Development Outsourcing Relationships: An Exploratory Study Using a Systematic Literature Review. IET Software 8(4): 161-173 (2014).
Erik. W. & T. Philip. Instant messenger in offshore outsourced software development projects: Experiences from a case study, In: Proceedings of the 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Begging, China; IEEE (2011).
Moe, N. B. and D. Smite. Understanding a lack of trust in global software teams: A multiple case study. Software Process. Improvement and Practice 13(3):217–231 (2008).