Impact of Climate Change on Marine Biodiversity: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives
Marine Biodiversity, Climate Change and Complexity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53560/PPASB(60-1)768Keywords:
Acidification, Climate change, Epigenetics, Marine Ecosystem, Management and Policies, Ocean WarmingAbstract
Marine ecosystems have been affected by natural and human-induced pollution. In recent decades, land and sea levels have risen due to increases in temperature and CO2 concentrations, as well as the accumulation of other toxic chemicals. The distribution and diversity of marine species have been affected by acidification, eutrophication, and anaerobic conditions, inhibiting the interaction process and increasing coral mortality and bleaching. Both coldand warm-water coral reefs serve as food, shelter, and habitat for many important plant and animal species that have been severely impacted by ocean warming. Some marine plants, including mangroves and seagrasses, have been severely affected by ocean warming. However, the response of marine genotypes, i.e., mangroves, seagrasses, fishes, mammals, turtles, etc., varies depending on the type of environmental extremes and the nature of climate change. The species with lower immunity are vulnerable to ocean warming. Many researchers have studied that both marine flora and fauna are in danger if proper management and strategies are not developed. Here we discussed the negative impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems and also highlighted the new methods being used to protect marine species. In addition, various protocols developed to protect marine biota in the context of rising temperatures are briefly discussed along with future guidelines for marine ecosystem security. We suggest that marine biodiversity can be conserved through the establishment of marine protected areas and that novel epigenetic studies are needed to improve the genetic protection of marine species under abiotic stress and to minimize the risks associated with various anthropogenic activities.
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