Hematological and Biochemical Assessment of Children Infected with Measles Virus: 2022 Outbreak in Pakistan

Measles’s Hematological and Biochemical Assessment

Authors

  • Asiya Nawaz Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
  • Asim Saeed Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
  • Sidra Rahman Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
  • Nighat Haider Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53560/PPASB(60-sp1)791

Keywords:

Measles, Hematology, Biochemical parameters, Measles vaccination, Measles in children

Abstract

Measles is a contagious disease caused by an RNA virus. Resurgence of measles after Covid-19 and its severity among children has led to many speculations about the Measles vaccination coverage and its efficacy. In this study, the clinical data of children <9 years (n=19) admitted at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) in the measles ward was analyzed. The blood samples were processed for hematology and routine biochemistry tests. The results obtained were statistically analyzed on SPSS-21 software by using One-Way ANOVA for Complete Parameters (CP), Kruskal Wallis, and Mann-Whitney test for Differential leucocyte count (DLC) and Biochemical parameters. A p<0.05 was considered significant. The results suggest no significant difference in Complete blood parameters (CP) among non-vaccinated, partially vaccinated and fully vaccinated patients. Among DLC Basophils level was significantly different (p=0.024), being lower in partially vaccinated than non-vaccinated patients. Biochemical parameters showed that serum urea level was significantly different (p=0.013), showing a decline in fully vaccinated patients as compared to non-vaccinated patients. Moreover, a significantly higher level of Alkaline phosphatase as compared to the normal range was observed in fully vaccinated patients. However, lower levels of MCH, MCV, MCHC, RBC, Hb, eosinophils, and a higher level of RDW-CV were observed overall as compared to the normal range (healthy individuals). The results suggest improvements are needed in vaccination strategies for effectively controlling the disease. Anemic conditions in overall measles patients indicate poor health conditions. This study contains a limited sample size, further research on measles virus (MeV) mutations, and vaccine optimization could be helpful for the complete eradication of measles from Pakistan.

References

H.Y. Naim. Measles virus: A pathogen, vaccine, and a vector. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics 11: 21–26 (2015).

P.A. Rota, W.J. Moss, M. Takeda, R.L. De Swart, K.M. Thompson, and J.L. Goodson. Measles. Nature Reviews Disease Primers 2:1 (2016).

B.K. Rima, and W.P. Duprex. Morbilliviruses and human disease. Journal of Pathology 208: 199–214 (2006).

S.A. Plotkin. Measles: Breakouts and Breakthroughs. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 8(4): 289–290 (2019).

D.E. Griffin. Measles virus. Fields Virology. 56:285–291 (2013).

S. Watanabe, Y. Shirogane, Y. Sato, T. Hashiguchi, and Y. Yanagi. New Insights into Measles Virus Brain Infections. Trends in Microbiology 27: 164–175 (2019).

J.C.C. Lai, H.M.T.K. Karunarathna, H.H. Wong, J.S.M. Peiris, and J.M. Nicholls. Neuraminidase activity and specificity of influenza A virus are influenced by haemagglutinin-receptor binding. Emerging microbes & infections 8: 327-338 (2019).

M.V.T. Phan, C.M.E. Schapendonk, B.B. Oude Munnink, M.P.G. Koopmans, R.L. de Swart, and M. Cotton. Complete genome sequences of six measles virus strains. Genome Announcements 6: 11–12 (2018).

M.O. Mere, J.L. Goodson, A.K. Chandio, M.S. Rana, Q. Hasan, N. Teleb and J.P. Alexander. Progress Toward Measles Elimination — Pakistan, 2000 2018. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 68: 505–510 (2019).

S.S.Z. Zaidi, A. Hameed, M.S. Rana, M.M. Alam, M. Umair, U.B. Aamir, M. Hussain, S. Sharif, S. Shaukat, M. Angez, and A. Khurshid. Identification of measles virus genotype B3 associated with outbreaks in Islamabad, Pakistan, 2013–2015. Journal of Infection and Public Health 11: 540–545 (2018).

S.S.Z. Zaidi, A. Hameed, N. Ali, M. Umair, M.M. Alam, M.S. Rana, S. Sharif, U.B. Aamir, S. Shaukat, M. Angez, A. Khurshid, R. Akhtar, N. Mehmoodand N. Badar. A measles outbreak in Sindh, Pakistan caused by a genotype B3 virus. Archives of Virology 162: 3603–3610 (2017).

M. Ilyas, S. Afzal, J. Ahmad, S. Alghamdi and M. Khurram. The resurgence of Measles infection and its associated complications in early childhood at a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan. Polish Journal of Microbiology 69: 177–184 (2020).

G.S. Mahardhika, T.D. Tedjamartono, and I.P. Denny. Expanded Dengue Syndrome with Hemolytic Anemia: A Case Report. IRMHS 3: 37– 49 (2020).

J.G. McHutchison, M.P. Manns, and D.L. Longo. Definition and management of anemia in patients infected with hepatitis C virus. Liver International 26: 389–398 (2006).

F. Masaisa, J.B. Gahutu, J. Mukiibi, J. Delanghe, and J. Philippé. Anemia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected women in Rwanda. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 84: 456–460 (2011).

T.I. Hariyanto, and A. Kurniawan. Anemia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Transfusion and Apheresis Science 59: 102926 (2020).

S.J. Hemauer, A.J. Kingeter, X. Kingeter, M.S. Shotwell, P.P. Pandharipande, and L.M. Weavind. Daily lowest hemoglobin and risk of organ dysfunctions in critically ill patients. Critical Care Medicine 45: 479–484 (2017).

F. Morinet, M. Leruez-Ville, S. Pillet, and S. Fichelson. Concise review: Anemia caused by viruses. Stem Cells 29: 1656–1660 (2011).

A.N. Shah, J.S. Kothari, D.P. Desai, T. Savaliya, and R.B. Prajapati. Clinical and biochemical outcome in pediatric patients with iron deficiency anemia. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7: 2146-2151 (2020).

P. Bellavite, and A. Donzelli. Adverse events following measles-mumps-rubellavaricella vaccine: an independent perspective on Italian pharmacovigilance data. F1000Research 9: 1–18 (2021).

T. Marichal, C. Mesnil, and F. Bureau. Homeostatic eosinophils: Characteristics and functions. Frontiers of Medicine (Lausanne) 4:101–6 (2017).

H.A. Alemam, A.A. S.E. Omar Abadi, M.A. Salem, L. Elghawi, and A. Bashein. A comparative study of alkaline phosphatase level in serum of patients with end-stage renal disease, viral hepatitis (C), and (B). In The 4th Annual conference on theories and applications of basic and biosciences 291-298 (2020).

Y. Sakurai, and T. Higashiguchi.Transient hyperphosphatasemia: Possible association with pediatric acute respiratory infection. Pediatric Investigation 5: 94–98 (2021).

Downloads

Published

2023-01-16

How to Cite

Asiya Nawaz, Asim Saeed, Sidra Rahman, & Nighat Haider. (2023). Hematological and Biochemical Assessment of Children Infected with Measles Virus: 2022 Outbreak in Pakistan: Measles’s Hematological and Biochemical Assessment. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: B. Life and Environmental Sciences, 60(S), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.53560/PPASB(60-sp1)791

Issue

Vol. 60 No. S (2023): Special Issue: ANSO-PAS-MAAP Conference on Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness

Section

Research Articles

License

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY). Allows users to: copy the article and distribute; abstracts, create extracts, and other revised versions, adaptations or derivative works of or from an article (such as a translation); include in a collective work (such as an anthology); and text or data mine the article. These uses are permitted even for commercial purposes, provided the user: includes a link to the license; indicates if changes were made; gives appropriate credit to the author(s) (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI); and does not represent the author(s) as endorsing the adaptation of the article or modify the article in such a way as to damage the authors' honor or reputation.