A Morphometric Study of Epidermal Appendages in Commonly Existed Angiosperms in Faisalabad, Pakistan

Authors

  • Farooq Ahmad Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Hafiza Komal Naeem Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
  • Maheen Iqbal Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Farah Maqsood Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Samia Kanwal Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
  • Sehrish Imran Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  • Urooj Fatima Campus for University Program, Superior College, Mandi Bahauddin, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53560/PPASB(61-4)978

Keywords:

Plants, Families, Leaves, Root Hairs, Stomata, Trichome

Abstract

Epidermal appendages are mono-cellular or multicellular, root hairs, and trichomes that grow on an epidermis. Commonly found members of angiospermic families were selected focusing on their presence or absence, position, and types of surface appendages (colliculate, hairy, wart and papil). Trichomes types (simple hairs, tubercle-based hair minerals) concrete, secretory hairs, vesicular hairs, moniliform hairs, and dendritic hairs were also considered. The epidermal appendages were studied in thirty species of angiospermic families collected from Botanical Garden University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan, by using light microscope. The data was then subjected to ANOVA and cluster analysis to investigate relationship among different angiosperm species. The Maximum cell length/width on abaxial epidermis is recorded in Strelitzia reginae Regel & Koch and Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb, which is closely related to the Alpinia allughas Retz., and Crinum asiaticum L.. Minimum cell length on upper epidermis is recorded in Ficus lyrata which is closely related to the Colocasia esculentum. Maximum number of stomata is observed in Kigela africana.  Minimum number of stomata is recorded in Terminalia bellirica and Ficus lyrata. Maximum number of stomata on adaxial epidermis is recorded in Pentas lanceolata. Minimum number of stomata is recorded in Ravenala medaghas cariensis.  On adaxial surface, the maximum number of trichomes is recorded in Terminallia bellirica and Kigela Africana, and the minimum number is recorded in Campsis rodicum. The present study emphasizes the distinctive and similar features of those epidermal appendages. These o

References

E.A. Ogie-Odia, D. Eseigbe, M.N. Ilechie, J. Erhabor, and E. Ogbebor. Foliar epidermal and phytochemical studies of the grasses Cymbopogon citratus (stapf.), Axonopus compressus (P. Beauv.) and Eragrostis tremula (S.W. Beauv) in Ekpoma, Edo state, Nigeria. Science World Journal 5(1): 20-25 (2010).

A.A. Abdulrahaman and F.A. Oladele. Stomatal complex types, size, density and index in some vegetable species in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Botany 16: 144-150 (2003).

B-E. Van Wyk and C. Albrecht. A review of the taxonomy, ethnobotany, chemistry and pharmacology of Sutherlandia frutescens (Fabaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 119(3): 620-629 (2008).

A.A. Abdulrahman and F.A. Oladele. Stomatal complex types and epidermal cells in Jatropha species L. (Euphorbiaceae). Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 23: 2160-2163 (2010).

S.A. Saheed and H.C. Illoh. A taxonomic study of some species in Cassiinae (Leguminosae) using leaf epidermal characters. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 38(1): 21-27 (2010).

S.A. Stenglein, M.N. Colares, A.M. Arambarri, M.C. Novoa, C.E. Vizcaíno, and L. Katinas. Leaf epidermal microcharacters of the Old World species of Lotus (Leguminosae: Loteae) and their systematic significance. Australian Journal of Botany 51: 459-469 (2003).

E.U. Aniesua and E.A. Silas. Leaf epidermal studies of three species of Acalypha Linn. (Euphorbiaceae). Advances in Applied Science Research 3(5): 3185-3199 (2012).

W.L. Theobald. Trichome description and classification. Anatomy of the Dicotyledons 2(1): 40-53 (1979).

R.C. Rollins (Ed.). The Cruciferae of Continental North America. Stanford University Press (1993).

M. Potgieter and A.E. Van Wyk. Leaf anatomy of the southern African Icacinaceae and its taxonomic significance. South African Journal of Botany 65(2): 153-162 (1999).

W.C. Dickison (Ed.). Integrative Plant Anatomy. San Diego: Harcourt Academic Press (2000).

M.R.W. Batterman and T.G. Lammers. Branched foliar trichomes of Lobeliodeae (Campanulaceae) and the infrageneric classification of Centropogon. Systematic Botany 29(2): 448-458 (2004).

E.L. Wosu, C. Nsirim, T. Omara-Achong. Biosystematic studies in the Loganiaceae (series 1): Foliar trichome morphology of Tree Species of Anthocleista Afzel Found in Parts of the Niger Delta, Nigeria. European Journal of Experimental Biology 2(6): 1988-2000 (2012).

C.R. Metcalfe and L Chalk (Eds.). Anatomy of the Dicotyledons: leaves, stem, and wood, in relation to taxonomy, with notes on economic uses. Oxford, Clarendon Press Vol. I (1950).

C.A. Stace (Ed.). Plant taxonomy and biosystematics. Baltimore: University Park Press Vol. I: pp. 23-25 (1980).

J.H. Jones. Evolution of the Fagaceae: the implications of foliar features. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 73: 228-275 (1986).

M. Baranova. Systematic anatomy of leaf epidermis in the Magnoliaceae and some related families. Taxon 21: 447-469 (1992).

J.L. Croxdale. Stomatal patterning in angiosperms. American Journal of Botany 87(8): 1069-1080 (2000).

S.P. Mashile and M.P. Tshisikhawe. Epidermal structure of stomata and trichomes of Vachellia Tortilis (Forssk.) Galasso and Banfi. Pakistan Journal of Botany 49(6): 2353-2355 (2017).

J.E. Mellon, C.A. Zelaya, M.K. Dowd, S.B. Beltz, and M.A. Klich. Inhibitory effects of gossypol, gossypolone, and apogossypolone on a collection of economically important filamentous fungi. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 60: 2740-2745 (2012).

B. Oelschlagel, S. Gorb, S. Wanke, and C. Neinhuis. Structure and biomechanics of trapping flower trichomes and their role in the pollination biology of Aristolochia plants (Aristolochiaceae). New Phytologist 184: 988-1002 (2009).

R.L. Peterson and J. Vermeer. Histochemistry of trichome. In: Biology and Chemistry of Plant Trichome. E. Rodriguez, P.L. Healey, and I. Mehta (Eds.). Springer US pp. 71-94 (1984).

T. Zhang, Q. Qiao, P.Y. Novikova, Q. Wang, and O.M. Scheid. Genome-wide consequences of domestication in a self-fertilizing crop. Nature Communications 11(1): 2992 (2020).

L. Sack and C. Scoffoni. Leaf venation: structure, function, development, evolution, ecology and applications in the past, present and future. New Phytologist 198(4): 983-1000 (2013).

P.J. Franks and G.D. Farquhar. The mechanical diversity of stomata and its significance in gas-exchange control. Plant Physiology 143(1): 78-87 (2007).

L. Serna, and C. Martin. Trichomes: different regulatory networks lead to convergent structures. Trends in Plant Science 11(6): 274-280 (2006).

M.B. Traw and J. Bergelson. Interactive effects of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and gibberellin on induction of trichomes in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology 158(2): 1093-1101 (2010).

E. Werker. Trichome diversity and development. Advances in Botanical Research 31: 1-35 (2000).

J. Clark. Preparation of leaf epidermis for topographic study. Stain Technology 35: 35-39 (1960).

C.N.M. Hlwatika and R.B. Bhat. An ecological interpretation in the difference in leaf anatomy and its plasticity in contrasting tree species in Orange Kloof, Table Mountain, South Africa. Annals of Botany 89(1): 109-114 (2002).

S.A. Casson and A.M. Hetherington. Environmental regulation of stomatal development. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 13(1): 90-95 (2010).

D.F. Cutler and P.E. Brandham. Experimental evidence for the genetic control of leaf surface characters in hybrid Aloineae (Liliaceae). Kew Bulletin 32: 23–32 (1977).

W. Barthlott. Epidermal and seed surface characters of plants: systematic applicability and some evolutionary aspects. Nordic Journal of Botany 1(3): 345-355 (1981).

J. Masle, S.R. Gilmore, and G.D. Farquhar. The ERECTA gene regulates plant transpiration efficiency in Arabidopsis. Nature 436(7052): 866–870 (2005).

F. Ghahremaninejad, Z. Khalili, A.A. Maassoumi, H. Mirzaie-Nodoushan, and M. Riahi. Leaf epidermal features of Salix species (Salicaceae) and their systematic significance. American Journal of Botany 99(4): 769-777 (2012).

B. Ummu-Hani and T. Noraini. The structure of cystoliths in selected taxa of the genus Ficus L. (Moraceae) in Peninsular Malaysia. AIP Conference Proceedings 1571(1): 372-376 (2013).

Z.F. Pecnikar, K.K.J. Kulju, S.E.C. Sierra, P. Baas, and P.C. Van-Welzen. Leaf anatomy of Mallotus and the related genera Blumeodendron and Hancea (Euphorbiaceae sensu stricto). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 169(4): 645-676 (2012).

Published

2024-12-28

How to Cite

Farooq Ahmad, Hafiza Komal Naeem, Maheen Iqbal, Farah Maqsood, Samia Kanwal, Sehrish Imran, & Urooj Fatima. (2024). A Morphometric Study of Epidermal Appendages in Commonly Existed Angiosperms in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: B. Life and Environmental Sciences, 61(4). https://doi.org/10.53560/PPASB(61-4)978

Issue

Vol. 61 No. 4 (2024)

Section

Research Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Upon acceptance of an article, its copyright will be assigned to the Pakistan Academy of Sciences.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY). Allows users to: copy the article and distribute; abstracts, create extracts, and other revised versions, adaptations or derivative works of or from an article (such as a translation); include in a collective work (such as an anthology); and text or data mine the article. These uses are permitted even for commercial purposes, provided the user: includes a link to the license; indicates if changes were made; gives appropriate credit to the author(s) (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI); and does not represent the author(s) as endorsing the adaptation of the article or modify the article in such a way as to damage the authors' honor or reputation.