Impact of Terrain Slopes and Aspect on the Natural Regeneration of the Coniferous Forest in the Northern Pakistan - A Case Study of Ayubia National Park
Natural Regeneration of the Coniferous Forest in the Northern Pakistan
Keywords:
Anthropogenic activities, coniferous forest, regeneration, terrain, slopeAbstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the proximate and functional properties of flours obtained from various rice varieties, i.e., Super Basmati Shaheen, Super Basmati Kainat, Super Fine, JP5, Basmati 385, Fakhr-e-Malakand grown in different areas of Pakistan. Moisture content, ash content, crude protein, crude fat, water absorption index, water solubility and swelling power varied significantly (P<0.05) from each other. Moisture content, ash content, crude protein and crude fat of rice flour ranged from 5.46–7.08%, 0.48–1.23%, 8.02–9.85% and 0.43–1.5%, respectively. While, functional properties such as water absorption index, water solubility index and swelling power were found in the range of 5.38–6.26 (g/g), 1.95–4.94% and 5.74–7.64 (g/g), respectively. The results showed that the functional properties of rice flour were greatly influenced by the compositional variations of various rice varieties.
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